Home Industries Market Insights About Us Publisher Contact us

Global Display IC Market Report 2020 by Key Players, Types, Applications, Countries, Market Size, Forecast to 2026 (Based on 2020 COVID-19 Worldwide Spread)

ReportID: 285055

|

Published Date: 2020/08/05

|

No. of Pages: 116

|

Categories: Electronics & Semiconductor

|

Format :

The Display IC market is expected to grow from USD X.X million in 2020 to USD X.X million by 2026, at a CAGR of X.X% during the forecast period. The global Display IC market report is a comprehensive research that focuses on the overall consumption structure, development trends, sales models and sales of top countries in the global Display IC market. The report focuses on well-known providers in the global Display IC industry, market segments, competition, and the macro environment.

Under COVID-19 Outbreak, how the Display IC Industry will develop is also analyzed in detail in Chapter 1.7 of the report.
In Chapter 2.4, we analyzed industry trends in the context of COVID-19.
In Chapter 3.5, we analyzed the impact of COVID-19 on the product industry chain based on the upstream and downstream markets.
In Chapters 6 to 10 of the report, we analyze the impact of COVID-19 on various regions and major countries.
In chapter 13.5, the impact of COVID-19 on the future development of the industry is pointed out.

A holistic study of the market is made by considering a variety of factors, from demographics conditions and business cycles in a particular country to market-specific microeconomic impacts. The study found the shift in market paradigms in terms of regional competitive advantage and the competitive landscape of major players.

Key players in the global Display IC market covered in Chapter 4:
Magnachip
Novatek
Rohm
Toshiba
Litek
Sitronix
Silicon Works
Orise Tech
Samsung
Renesas
Panasonic
Himax Technologies, Inc
Raydium

In Chapter 11 and 13.3, on the basis of types, the Display IC market from 2015 to 2026 is primarily split into:
Source Display IC
Gate Display IC

In Chapter 12 and 13.4, on the basis of applications, the Display IC market from 2015 to 2026 covers:
Laptop Computer
Tablet PC
Mobile Phone
TV

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2026) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 6 and 13)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 7 and 13)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 8 and 13)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
Southeast Asia
Others
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 9 and 13)
Saudi Arabia
UAE
Egypt
Nigeria
South Africa
Others
South America (Covered in Chapter 10 and 13)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Chile
Others

Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2026
Table of Content

1 Report Overview
1.1 Study Scope
1.2 Key Market Segments
1.3 Regulatory Scenario by Region/Country
1.4 Market Investment Scenario Strategic
1.5 Market Analysis by Type
1.5.1 Global Display IC Market Share by Type (2020-2026)
1.5.2 Source Display IC
1.5.3 Gate Display IC
1.6 Market by Application
1.6.1 Global Display IC Market Share by Application (2020-2026)
1.6.2 Laptop Computer
1.6.3 Tablet PC
1.6.4 Mobile Phone
1.6.5 TV
1.7 Display IC Industry Development Trends under COVID-19 Outbreak
1.7.1 Global COVID-19 Status Overview
1.7.2 Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Display IC Industry Development

2. Global Market Growth Trends
2.1 Industry Trends
2.1.1 SWOT Analysis
2.1.2 Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
2.2 Potential Market and Growth Potential Analysis
2.3 Industry News and Policies by Regions
2.3.1 Industry News
2.3.2 Industry Policies
2.4 Industry Trends Under COVID-19

3 Value Chain of Display IC Market
3.1 Value Chain Status
3.2 Display IC Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
3.2.1 Production Process Analysis
3.2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Display IC
3.2.3 Labor Cost of Display IC
3.2.3.1 Labor Cost of Display IC Under COVID-19
3.3 Sales and Marketing Model Analysis
3.4 Downstream Major Customer Analysis (by Region)
3.5 Value Chain Status Under COVID-19

4 Players Profiles
4.1 Magnachip
4.1.1 Magnachip Basic Information
4.1.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.1.3 Magnachip Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.1.4 Magnachip Business Overview
4.2 Novatek
4.2.1 Novatek Basic Information
4.2.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.2.3 Novatek Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.2.4 Novatek Business Overview
4.3 Rohm
4.3.1 Rohm Basic Information
4.3.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.3.3 Rohm Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.3.4 Rohm Business Overview
4.4 Toshiba
4.4.1 Toshiba Basic Information
4.4.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.4.3 Toshiba Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.4.4 Toshiba Business Overview
4.5 Litek
4.5.1 Litek Basic Information
4.5.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.5.3 Litek Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.5.4 Litek Business Overview
4.6 Sitronix
4.6.1 Sitronix Basic Information
4.6.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.6.3 Sitronix Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.6.4 Sitronix Business Overview
4.7 Silicon Works
4.7.1 Silicon Works Basic Information
4.7.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.7.3 Silicon Works Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.7.4 Silicon Works Business Overview
4.8 Orise Tech
4.8.1 Orise Tech Basic Information
4.8.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.8.3 Orise Tech Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.8.4 Orise Tech Business Overview
4.9 Samsung
4.9.1 Samsung Basic Information
4.9.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.9.3 Samsung Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.9.4 Samsung Business Overview
4.10 Renesas
4.10.1 Renesas Basic Information
4.10.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.10.3 Renesas Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.10.4 Renesas Business Overview
4.11 Panasonic
4.11.1 Panasonic Basic Information
4.11.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.11.3 Panasonic Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.11.4 Panasonic Business Overview
4.12 Himax Technologies, Inc
4.12.1 Himax Technologies, Inc Basic Information
4.12.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.12.3 Himax Technologies, Inc Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.12.4 Himax Technologies, Inc Business Overview
4.13 Raydium
4.13.1 Raydium Basic Information
4.13.2 Display IC Product Profiles, Application and Specification
4.13.3 Raydium Display IC Market Performance (2015-2020)
4.13.4 Raydium Business Overview

5 Global Display IC Market Analysis by Regions
5.1 Global Display IC Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions
5.1.1 Global Display IC Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
5.1.2 Global Display IC Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
5.2 North America Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.3 Europe Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.4 Asia-Pacific Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.5 Middle East and Africa Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
5.6 South America Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

6 North America Display IC Market Analysis by Countries
6.1 North America Display IC Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
6.1.1 North America Display IC Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
6.1.2 North America Display IC Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
6.1.3 North America Display IC Market Under COVID-19
6.2 United States Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.2.1 United States Display IC Market Under COVID-19
6.3 Canada Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
6.4 Mexico Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

7 Europe Display IC Market Analysis by Countries
7.1 Europe Display IC Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
7.1.1 Europe Display IC Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Europe Display IC Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
7.1.3 Europe Display IC Market Under COVID-19
7.2 Germany Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.2.1 Germany Display IC Market Under COVID-19
7.3 UK Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.3.1 UK Display IC Market Under COVID-19
7.4 France Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.4.1 France Display IC Market Under COVID-19
7.5 Italy Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.5.1 Italy Display IC Market Under COVID-19
7.6 Spain Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.6.1 Spain Display IC Market Under COVID-19
7.7 Russia Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
7.7.1 Russia Display IC Market Under COVID-19

8 Asia-Pacific Display IC Market Analysis by Countries
8.1 Asia-Pacific Display IC Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
8.1.1 Asia-Pacific Display IC Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
8.1.2 Asia-Pacific Display IC Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
8.1.3 Asia-Pacific Display IC Market Under COVID-19
8.2 China Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.2.1 China Display IC Market Under COVID-19
8.3 Japan Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.3.1 Japan Display IC Market Under COVID-19
8.4 South Korea Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.4.1 South Korea Display IC Market Under COVID-19
8.5 Australia Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.6 India Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.6.1 India Display IC Market Under COVID-19
8.7 Southeast Asia Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
8.7.1 Southeast Asia Display IC Market Under COVID-19

9 Middle East and Africa Display IC Market Analysis by Countries
9.1 Middle East and Africa Display IC Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
9.1.1 Middle East and Africa Display IC Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
9.1.2 Middle East and Africa Display IC Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
9.1.3 Middle East and Africa Display IC Market Under COVID-19
9.2 Saudi Arabia Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 UAE Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 Egypt Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.5 Nigeria Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.6 South Africa Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

10 South America Display IC Market Analysis by Countries
10.1 South America Display IC Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Countries
10.1.1 South America Display IC Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
10.1.2 South America Display IC Revenue by Countries (2015-2020)
10.1.3 South America Display IC Market Under COVID-19
10.2 Brazil Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.2.1 Brazil Display IC Market Under COVID-19
10.3 Argentina Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 Columbia Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.5 Chile Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

11 Global Display IC Market Segment by Types
11.1 Global Display IC Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
11.1.1 Global Display IC Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
11.1.2 Global Display IC Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
11.2 Source Display IC Sales and Price (2015-2020)
11.3 Gate Display IC Sales and Price (2015-2020)

12 Global Display IC Market Segment by Applications
12.1 Global Display IC Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
12.1.1 Global Display IC Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
12.1.2 Global Display IC Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
12.2 Laptop Computer Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.3 Tablet PC Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.4 Mobile Phone Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.5 TV Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)

13 Display IC Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2026)
13.1 Global Display IC Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2026)
13.2 Display IC Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2026)
13.2.1 North America Display IC Market Forecast (2020-2026)
13.2.2 Europe Display IC Market Forecast (2020-2026)
13.2.3 Asia-Pacific Display IC Market Forecast (2020-2026)
13.2.4 Middle East and Africa Display IC Market Forecast (2020-2026)
13.2.5 South America Display IC Market Forecast (2020-2026)
13.3 Display IC Market Forecast by Types (2020-2026)
13.4 Display IC Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2026)
13.5 Display IC Market Forecast Under COVID-19

14 Appendix
14.1 Methodology
14.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures
Table Global Display IC Market Size Growth Rate by Type (2020-2026)
Figure Global Display IC Market Share by Type in 2019 & 2026
Figure Source Display IC Features
Figure Gate Display IC Features
Table Global Display IC Market Size Growth by Application (2020-2026)
Figure Global Display IC Market Share by Application in 2019 & 2026
Figure Laptop Computer Description
Figure Tablet PC Description
Figure Mobile Phone Description
Figure TV Description
Figure Global COVID-19 Status Overview
Table Influence of COVID-19 Outbreak on Display IC Industry Development
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Porter's Five Forces Analysis
Figure Global Display IC Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2026
Table Industry News
Table Industry Policies
Figure Value Chain Status of Display IC
Figure Production Process of Display IC
Figure Manufacturing Cost Structure of Display IC
Figure Major Company Analysis (by Business Distribution Base, by Product Type)
Table Downstream Major Customer Analysis (by Region)
Table Magnachip Profile
Table Magnachip Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Novatek Profile
Table Novatek Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Rohm Profile
Table Rohm Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Toshiba Profile
Table Toshiba Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Litek Profile
Table Litek Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Sitronix Profile
Table Sitronix Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Silicon Works Profile
Table Silicon Works Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Orise Tech Profile
Table Orise Tech Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Samsung Profile
Table Samsung Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Renesas Profile
Table Renesas Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Panasonic Profile
Table Panasonic Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Himax Technologies, Inc Profile
Table Himax Technologies, Inc Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Table Raydium Profile
Table Raydium Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Global Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Display IC Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table Global Display IC Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Display IC Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Display IC Revenue ($) by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Display IC Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Display IC Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2015
Table Global Display IC Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure North America Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Display IC Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table North America Display IC Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Display IC Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure North America Display IC Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015
Figure North America Display IC Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019
Table North America Display IC Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure North America Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015
Figure North America Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure United States Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Display IC Sales and Growth (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Display IC Revenue ($) Growth (2015-2020)
Table Europe Display IC Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Display IC Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Display IC Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015
Figure Europe Display IC Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019
Table Europe Display IC Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015
Figure Europe Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure Germany Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UK Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Display IC Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Display IC Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Display IC Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Display IC Sales Market Share by Countries in 2015
Figure Asia-Pacific Display IC Sales Market Share by Countries in 2019
Table Asia-Pacific Display IC Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015
Figure Asia-Pacific Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure China Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Southeast Asia Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Display IC Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Display IC Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Display IC Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Display IC Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015
Figure Middle East and Africa Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure Saudi Arabia Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UAE Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Nigeria Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Display IC Revenue ($) and Growth (2015-2020)
Table South America Display IC Sales by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Display IC Sales Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Display IC Revenue ($) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure South America Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2015
Figure South America Display IC Revenue Market Share by Countries in 2019
Figure Brazil Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Chile Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Display IC Sales by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Display IC Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Display IC Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Display IC Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
Figure Global Source Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Source Display IC Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Gate Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Gate Display IC Price (2015-2020)
Table Global Display IC Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Display IC Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Figure Global Laptop Computer Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Laptop Computer Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Tablet PC Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Tablet PC Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Mobile Phone Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Mobile Phone Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global TV Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global TV Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Display IC Sales and Growth Rate (2020-2026)
Figure Global Display IC Revenue ($) and Growth Rate (2020-2026)
Table Global Display IC Sales Forecast by Regions (2020-2026)
Table Global Display IC Revenue Forecast by Regions (2020-2026)
Figure North America Display IC Sales Forecast (2020-2026)
Figure North America Display IC Revenue Forecast (2020-2026)
Figure Europe Display IC Sales Forecast (2020-2026)
Figure Europe Display IC Revenue Forecast (2020-2026)
Figure Asia-Pacific Display IC Sales Forecast (2020-2026)
Figure Asia-Pacific Display IC Revenue Forecast (2020-2026)
Figure Middle East and Africa Display IC Sales Forecast (2020-2026)
Figure Middle East and Africa Display IC Revenue Forecast (2020-2026)
Figure South America Display IC Sales Forecast (2020-2026)
Figure South America Display IC Revenue Forecast (2020-2026)
Table Global Display IC Sales Forecast by Types (2020-2026)
Table Global Display IC Sales Market Share Forecast by Types (2020-2026)
Table Global Display IC Revenue Forecast by Types (2020-2026)
Table Global Display IC Revenue Market Share Forecast by Types (2020-2026)
Table Global Display IC Sales Forecast by Applications (2020-2026)
Table Global Display IC Sales Market Share Forecast by Applications (2020-2026)
Table Global Display IC Revenue Forecast by Applications (2020-2026)
Table Global Display IC Revenue Market Share Forecast by Applications (2020-2026)

Request For Methodology

To receive a sample copy of this report, please complete the form below

Kindly share your specific requirement (if any)

Request For List Of Tables

To receive a sample copy of this report, please complete the form below

Kindly share your specific requirement (if any)

Price

Single User

US$3400

Multi User

US$5100

Corporate User

US$5100

Excel Datapack

US$2000

Download Sample Report

Kindly share your specific requirement (if any)
970580f357b66011f3ad9bfd8fd4652a.png

Global Display IC Market Report 2020 by Key Players, Types, Applications, Countries, Market Size, Forecast to 2026 (Based on 2020 COVID-19 Worldwide Spread)