Talc or talcum is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2.
This report elaborates the market size, market characteristics, and market growth of the Talcum Powder industry, and breaks down according to the type, application, and consumption area of Talcum Powder. The report also conducted a PESTEL analysis of the industry to study the main influencing factors and entry barriers of the industry.

In Chapter 3.4 of the report, the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the industry was fully assessed. Fully risk assessment and industry recommendations were made for Talcum Powder in a special period. This chapter also compares the markets of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19.
In addition, chapters 8-12 consider the impact of COVID-19 on the regional economy.

Key players in the global Talcum Powder market covered in Chapter 13:
Imerys
Glint Cosmetics Private Limited
Vasa Cosmetics Private Limited
Yardley London
Johnson & Johnson
Xilolite
Golcha Group
IMI FABI Talc Company
Godrej
Nippon Talc
Specialty Minerals Inc
American Talc
The Himalaya Drug Company
P&G
Beiersdorf
Akhil Healthcare Private Limited
Kimberly-Clark Corp
Unilever
Magnesita
Mondo Minerals

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Talcum Powder market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
1-row vehicle arrangement
2-row single slope vehicle arrangement
2-row dual slope vehicle arrangement
Others

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Talcum Powder market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Commercial
Government
Universities
Non-profit

Geographically, the detailed analysis of production, trade of the following countries is covered in Chapter 4.2, 5:
United States
Europe
China
Japan
India

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8, 9, 10, 11, 12:
North America (Covered in Chapter 8)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 9)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 10)
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Southeast Asia
Others
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 11)
Saudi Arabia
UAE
South Africa
Others
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Others

Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025

Table of Content

1 Talcum Powder Market - Research Scope
1.1 Study Goals
1.2 Market Definition and Scope
1.3 Key Market Segments
1.4 Study and Forecasting Years

2 Talcum Powder Market - Research Methodology
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Research Data Source
2.2.1 Secondary Data
2.2.2 Primary Data
2.2.3 Market Size Estimation
2.2.4 Legal Disclaimer

3 Talcum Powder Market Forces
3.1 Global Talcum Powder Market Size
3.2 Top Impacting Factors (PESTEL Analysis)
3.2.1 Political Factors
3.2.2 Economic Factors
3.2.3 Social Factors
3.2.4 Technological Factors
3.2.5 Environmental Factors
3.2.6 Legal Factors
3.3 Industry Trend Analysis
3.4 Industry Trends Under COVID-19
3.4.1 Risk Assessment on COVID-19
3.4.2 Assessment of the Overall Impact of COVID-19 on the Industry
3.4.3 Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19 Market Scenario
3.5 Industry Risk Assessment

4 Talcum Powder Market - By Geography
4.1 Global Talcum Powder Market Value and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global Talcum Powder Value ($) by Region (2015-2020)
4.1.2 Global Talcum Powder Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
4.2 Global Talcum Powder Market Production and Market Share by Major Countries
4.2.1 Global Talcum Powder Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)
4.2.2 Global Talcum Powder Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)
4.3 Global Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Market Share by Regions
4.3.1 Global Talcum Powder Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)
4.3.2 Global Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

5 Talcum Powder Market - By Trade Statistics
5.1 Global Talcum Powder Export and Import
5.2 United States Talcum Powder Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.3 Europe Talcum Powder Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.4 China Talcum Powder Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.5 Japan Talcum Powder Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.6 India Talcum Powder Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.7 ...

6 Talcum Powder Market - By Type
6.1 Global Talcum Powder Production and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.1 Global Talcum Powder Production by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Talcum Powder Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Talcum Powder Value and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.2.1 Global Talcum Powder Value by Types (2015-2020)
6.2.2 Global Talcum Powder Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.3 Global Talcum Powder Production, Price and Growth Rate of 1-row vehicle arrangement (2015-2020)
6.4 Global Talcum Powder Production, Price and Growth Rate of 2-row single slope vehicle arrangement (2015-2020)
6.5 Global Talcum Powder Production, Price and Growth Rate of 2-row dual slope vehicle arrangement (2015-2020)
6.6 Global Talcum Powder Production, Price and Growth Rate of Others (2015-2020)

7 Talcum Powder Market - By Application
7.1 Global Talcum Powder Consumption and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.1 Global Talcum Powder Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Global Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Talcum Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Commercial (2015-2020)
7.3 Global Talcum Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Government (2015-2020)
7.4 Global Talcum Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Universities (2015-2020)
7.5 Global Talcum Powder Consumption and Growth Rate of Non-profit (2015-2020)

8 North America Talcum Powder Market
8.1 North America Talcum Powder Market Size
8.2 United States Talcum Powder Market Size
8.3 Canada Talcum Powder Market Size
8.4 Mexico Talcum Powder Market Size
8.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market

9 Europe Talcum Powder Market Analysis
9.1 Europe Talcum Powder Market Size
9.2 Germany Talcum Powder Market Size
9.3 United Kingdom Talcum Powder Market Size
9.4 France Talcum Powder Market Size
9.5 Italy Talcum Powder Market Size
9.6 Spain Talcum Powder Market Size
9.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market

10 Asia-Pacific Talcum Powder Market Analysis
10.1 Asia-Pacific Talcum Powder Market Size
10.2 China Talcum Powder Market Size
10.3 Japan Talcum Powder Market Size
10.4 South Korea Talcum Powder Market Size
10.5 Southeast Asia Talcum Powder Market Size
10.6 India Talcum Powder Market Size
10.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market

11 Middle East and Africa Talcum Powder Market Analysis
11.1 Middle East and Africa Talcum Powder Market Size
11.2 Saudi Arabia Talcum Powder Market Size
11.3 UAE Talcum Powder Market Size
11.4 South Africa Talcum Powder Market Size
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market

12 South America Talcum Powder Market Analysis
12.1 South America Talcum Powder Market Size
12.2 Brazil Talcum Powder Market Size
12.3 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market

13 Company Profiles
13.1 Imerys
13.1.1 Imerys Basic Information
13.1.2 Imerys Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.1.3 Imerys Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.2 Glint Cosmetics Private Limited
13.2.1 Glint Cosmetics Private Limited Basic Information
13.2.2 Glint Cosmetics Private Limited Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.2.3 Glint Cosmetics Private Limited Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.3 Vasa Cosmetics Private Limited
13.3.1 Vasa Cosmetics Private Limited Basic Information
13.3.2 Vasa Cosmetics Private Limited Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.3.3 Vasa Cosmetics Private Limited Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.4 Yardley London
13.4.1 Yardley London Basic Information
13.4.2 Yardley London Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.4.3 Yardley London Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.5 Johnson & Johnson
13.5.1 Johnson & Johnson Basic Information
13.5.2 Johnson & Johnson Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.5.3 Johnson & Johnson Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.6 Xilolite
13.6.1 Xilolite Basic Information
13.6.2 Xilolite Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.6.3 Xilolite Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.7 Golcha Group
13.7.1 Golcha Group Basic Information
13.7.2 Golcha Group Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.7.3 Golcha Group Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.8 IMI FABI Talc Company
13.8.1 IMI FABI Talc Company Basic Information
13.8.2 IMI FABI Talc Company Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.8.3 IMI FABI Talc Company Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.9 Godrej
13.9.1 Godrej Basic Information
13.9.2 Godrej Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.9.3 Godrej Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.10 Nippon Talc
13.10.1 Nippon Talc Basic Information
13.10.2 Nippon Talc Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.10.3 Nippon Talc Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.11 Specialty Minerals Inc
13.11.1 Specialty Minerals Inc Basic Information
13.11.2 Specialty Minerals Inc Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.11.3 Specialty Minerals Inc Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.12 American Talc
13.12.1 American Talc Basic Information
13.12.2 American Talc Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.12.3 American Talc Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.13 The Himalaya Drug Company
13.13.1 The Himalaya Drug Company Basic Information
13.13.2 The Himalaya Drug Company Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.13.3 The Himalaya Drug Company Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.14 P&G
13.14.1 P&G Basic Information
13.14.2 P&G Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.14.3 P&G Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.15 Beiersdorf
13.15.1 Beiersdorf Basic Information
13.15.2 Beiersdorf Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.15.3 Beiersdorf Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.16 Akhil Healthcare Private Limited
13.16.1 Akhil Healthcare Private Limited Basic Information
13.16.2 Akhil Healthcare Private Limited Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.16.3 Akhil Healthcare Private Limited Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.17 Kimberly-Clark Corp
13.17.1 Kimberly-Clark Corp Basic Information
13.17.2 Kimberly-Clark Corp Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.17.3 Kimberly-Clark Corp Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.18 Unilever
13.18.1 Unilever Basic Information
13.18.2 Unilever Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.18.3 Unilever Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.19 Magnesita
13.19.1 Magnesita Basic Information
13.19.2 Magnesita Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.19.3 Magnesita Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.20 Mondo Minerals
13.20.1 Mondo Minerals Basic Information
13.20.2 Mondo Minerals Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.20.3 Mondo Minerals Talcum Powder Market Performance (2015-2020)

14 Market Forecast - By Regions
14.1 North America Talcum Powder Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.2 Europe Talcum Powder Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3 Asia-Pacific Talcum Powder Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.4 Middle East and Africa Talcum Powder Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.5 South America Talcum Powder Market Forecast (2020-2025)

15 Market Forecast - By Type and Applications
15.1 Global Talcum Powder Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
15.1.1 Global Talcum Powder Market Forecast Production and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
15.1.2 Global Talcum Powder Market Forecast Value and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
15.2 Global Talcum Powder Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Talcum Powder Picture
Table Talcum Powder Key Market Segments
Figure Study and Forecasting Years
Figure Global Talcum Powder Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Figure Industry PESTEL Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Market Size Forecast Comparison of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19
Figure Global Talcum Powder Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Value ($) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Talcum Powder Value Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Talcum Powder Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Global Talcum Powder Production Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Talcum Powder Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Talcum Powder Export Top 3 Country 2019
Table Global Talcum Powder Import Top 3 Country 2019
Table United States Talcum Powder Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Europe Talcum Powder Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table China Talcum Powder Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Japan Talcum Powder Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table India Talcum Powder Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Production by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
Figure Global Talcum Powder Production Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Value by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
Figure Global Talcum Powder Value Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global 1-row vehicle arrangement Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global 1-row vehicle arrangement Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global 2-row single slope vehicle arrangement Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global 2-row single slope vehicle arrangement Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global 2-row dual slope vehicle arrangement Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global 2-row dual slope vehicle arrangement Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Price (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Figure Global Talcum Powder Consumption Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Commercial Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Government Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Universities Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Non-profit Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table North America Talcum Powder Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure North America Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure United States Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure Europe Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Europe Talcum Powder Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Germany Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Asia-Pacific Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Talcum Powder Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure China Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Southeast Asia Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure Middle East and Africa Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Talcum Powder Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Saudi Arabia Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UAE Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table South America Talcum Powder Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure South America Talcum Powder Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Brazil Talcum Powder Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Imerys Company Profile
Table Imerys Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Imerys Production and Growth Rate
Figure Imerys Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Glint Cosmetics Private Limited Company Profile
Table Glint Cosmetics Private Limited Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Glint Cosmetics Private Limited Production and Growth Rate
Figure Glint Cosmetics Private Limited Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Vasa Cosmetics Private Limited Company Profile
Table Vasa Cosmetics Private Limited Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Vasa Cosmetics Private Limited Production and Growth Rate
Figure Vasa Cosmetics Private Limited Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Yardley London Company Profile
Table Yardley London Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Yardley London Production and Growth Rate
Figure Yardley London Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Johnson & Johnson Company Profile
Table Johnson & Johnson Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Johnson & Johnson Production and Growth Rate
Figure Johnson & Johnson Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Xilolite Company Profile
Table Xilolite Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Xilolite Production and Growth Rate
Figure Xilolite Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Golcha Group Company Profile
Table Golcha Group Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Golcha Group Production and Growth Rate
Figure Golcha Group Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table IMI FABI Talc Company Company Profile
Table IMI FABI Talc Company Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure IMI FABI Talc Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure IMI FABI Talc Company Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Godrej Company Profile
Table Godrej Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Godrej Production and Growth Rate
Figure Godrej Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Nippon Talc Company Profile
Table Nippon Talc Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Nippon Talc Production and Growth Rate
Figure Nippon Talc Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Specialty Minerals Inc Company Profile
Table Specialty Minerals Inc Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Specialty Minerals Inc Production and Growth Rate
Figure Specialty Minerals Inc Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table American Talc Company Profile
Table American Talc Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure American Talc Production and Growth Rate
Figure American Talc Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table The Himalaya Drug Company Company Profile
Table The Himalaya Drug Company Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure The Himalaya Drug Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure The Himalaya Drug Company Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table P&G Company Profile
Table P&G Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure P&G Production and Growth Rate
Figure P&G Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Beiersdorf Company Profile
Table Beiersdorf Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Beiersdorf Production and Growth Rate
Figure Beiersdorf Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Akhil Healthcare Private Limited Company Profile
Table Akhil Healthcare Private Limited Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Akhil Healthcare Private Limited Production and Growth Rate
Figure Akhil Healthcare Private Limited Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Kimberly-Clark Corp Company Profile
Table Kimberly-Clark Corp Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Kimberly-Clark Corp Production and Growth Rate
Figure Kimberly-Clark Corp Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Unilever Company Profile
Table Unilever Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Unilever Production and Growth Rate
Figure Unilever Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Magnesita Company Profile
Table Magnesita Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Magnesita Production and Growth Rate
Figure Magnesita Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Mondo Minerals Company Profile
Table Mondo Minerals Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Mondo Minerals Production and Growth Rate
Figure Mondo Minerals Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Figure North America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure South America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Table Global Talcum Powder Market Forecast Production by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Talcum Powder Market Forecast Production Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Talcum Powder Market Forecast Value ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Talcum Powder Market Forecast Value Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Talcum Powder Market Forecast Consumption by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Talcum Powder Market Forecast Consumption Share by Applications (2020-2025)