The cushion cover is a fabric box covering the cushion. The cushion cover is mainly used for decoration.
This report elaborates the market size, market characteristics, and market growth of the Cushion industry, and breaks down according to the type, application, and consumption area of Cushion. The report also conducted a PESTEL analysis of the industry to study the main influencing factors and entry barriers of the industry.

In Chapter 3.4 of the report, the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the industry was fully assessed. Fully risk assessment and industry recommendations were made for Cushion in a special period. This chapter also compares the markets of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19.
In addition, chapters 8-12 consider the impact of COVID-19 on the regional economy.

Key players in the global Cushion market covered in Chapter 13:
KAILAS
Marmot
Mobigarden
MSR
TOREAD
Arden Selections
Mountain Hardwear
Kelty
LAFUMA
Loom Crafts
Outdoor Workz
Nu Look Revinyling
Hilleberg
Tentyard
The North Face
Casual Cushion Corporation
Jack Wolfskin
Four Seasons
Jordan Manufacturing Company
Custom Craft Inc
Lowerys
Sierra Designs
Cushion Factory
Eureka
NatureHike

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Cushion market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Cotton
Linen
Wool
Silk
Jute
Leather

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Cushion market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Commercial
Home

Geographically, the detailed analysis of production, trade of the following countries is covered in Chapter 4.2, 5:
United States
Europe
China
Japan
India

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8, 9, 10, 11, 12:
North America (Covered in Chapter 8)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 9)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 10)
China
Japan
India
South Korea
Southeast Asia
Others
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 11)
Saudi Arabia
UAE
South Africa
Others
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Others

Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025

Table of Content

1 Cushion Market - Research Scope
1.1 Study Goals
1.2 Market Definition and Scope
1.3 Key Market Segments
1.4 Study and Forecasting Years

2 Cushion Market - Research Methodology
2.1 Methodology
2.2 Research Data Source
2.2.1 Secondary Data
2.2.2 Primary Data
2.2.3 Market Size Estimation
2.2.4 Legal Disclaimer

3 Cushion Market Forces
3.1 Global Cushion Market Size
3.2 Top Impacting Factors (PESTEL Analysis)
3.2.1 Political Factors
3.2.2 Economic Factors
3.2.3 Social Factors
3.2.4 Technological Factors
3.2.5 Environmental Factors
3.2.6 Legal Factors
3.3 Industry Trend Analysis
3.4 Industry Trends Under COVID-19
3.4.1 Risk Assessment on COVID-19
3.4.2 Assessment of the Overall Impact of COVID-19 on the Industry
3.4.3 Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19 Market Scenario
3.5 Industry Risk Assessment

4 Cushion Market - By Geography
4.1 Global Cushion Market Value and Market Share by Regions
4.1.1 Global Cushion Value ($) by Region (2015-2020)
4.1.2 Global Cushion Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
4.2 Global Cushion Market Production and Market Share by Major Countries
4.2.1 Global Cushion Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)
4.2.2 Global Cushion Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)
4.3 Global Cushion Market Consumption and Market Share by Regions
4.3.1 Global Cushion Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)
4.3.2 Global Cushion Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

5 Cushion Market - By Trade Statistics
5.1 Global Cushion Export and Import
5.2 United States Cushion Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.3 Europe Cushion Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.4 China Cushion Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.5 Japan Cushion Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.6 India Cushion Export and Import (2015-2020)
5.7 ...

6 Cushion Market - By Type
6.1 Global Cushion Production and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.1 Global Cushion Production by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Cushion Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Cushion Value and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.2.1 Global Cushion Value by Types (2015-2020)
6.2.2 Global Cushion Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.3 Global Cushion Production, Price and Growth Rate of Cotton (2015-2020)
6.4 Global Cushion Production, Price and Growth Rate of Linen (2015-2020)
6.5 Global Cushion Production, Price and Growth Rate of Wool (2015-2020)
6.6 Global Cushion Production, Price and Growth Rate of Silk (2015-2020)
6.7 Global Cushion Production, Price and Growth Rate of Jute (2015-2020)
6.8 Global Cushion Production, Price and Growth Rate of Leather (2015-2020)

7 Cushion Market - By Application
7.1 Global Cushion Consumption and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.1 Global Cushion Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Global Cushion Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Cushion Consumption and Growth Rate of Commercial (2015-2020)
7.3 Global Cushion Consumption and Growth Rate of Home (2015-2020)

8 North America Cushion Market
8.1 North America Cushion Market Size
8.2 United States Cushion Market Size
8.3 Canada Cushion Market Size
8.4 Mexico Cushion Market Size
8.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market

9 Europe Cushion Market Analysis
9.1 Europe Cushion Market Size
9.2 Germany Cushion Market Size
9.3 United Kingdom Cushion Market Size
9.4 France Cushion Market Size
9.5 Italy Cushion Market Size
9.6 Spain Cushion Market Size
9.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market

10 Asia-Pacific Cushion Market Analysis
10.1 Asia-Pacific Cushion Market Size
10.2 China Cushion Market Size
10.3 Japan Cushion Market Size
10.4 South Korea Cushion Market Size
10.5 Southeast Asia Cushion Market Size
10.6 India Cushion Market Size
10.7 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market

11 Middle East and Africa Cushion Market Analysis
11.1 Middle East and Africa Cushion Market Size
11.2 Saudi Arabia Cushion Market Size
11.3 UAE Cushion Market Size
11.4 South Africa Cushion Market Size
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market

12 South America Cushion Market Analysis
12.1 South America Cushion Market Size
12.2 Brazil Cushion Market Size
12.3 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market

13 Company Profiles
13.1 KAILAS
13.1.1 KAILAS Basic Information
13.1.2 KAILAS Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.1.3 KAILAS Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.2 Marmot
13.2.1 Marmot Basic Information
13.2.2 Marmot Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.2.3 Marmot Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.3 Mobigarden
13.3.1 Mobigarden Basic Information
13.3.2 Mobigarden Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.3.3 Mobigarden Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.4 MSR
13.4.1 MSR Basic Information
13.4.2 MSR Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.4.3 MSR Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.5 TOREAD
13.5.1 TOREAD Basic Information
13.5.2 TOREAD Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.5.3 TOREAD Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.6 Arden Selections
13.6.1 Arden Selections Basic Information
13.6.2 Arden Selections Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.6.3 Arden Selections Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.7 Mountain Hardwear
13.7.1 Mountain Hardwear Basic Information
13.7.2 Mountain Hardwear Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.7.3 Mountain Hardwear Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.8 Kelty
13.8.1 Kelty Basic Information
13.8.2 Kelty Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.8.3 Kelty Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.9 LAFUMA
13.9.1 LAFUMA Basic Information
13.9.2 LAFUMA Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.9.3 LAFUMA Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.10 Loom Crafts
13.10.1 Loom Crafts Basic Information
13.10.2 Loom Crafts Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.10.3 Loom Crafts Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.11 Outdoor Workz
13.11.1 Outdoor Workz Basic Information
13.11.2 Outdoor Workz Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.11.3 Outdoor Workz Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.12 Nu Look Revinyling
13.12.1 Nu Look Revinyling Basic Information
13.12.2 Nu Look Revinyling Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.12.3 Nu Look Revinyling Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.13 Hilleberg
13.13.1 Hilleberg Basic Information
13.13.2 Hilleberg Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.13.3 Hilleberg Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.14 Tentyard
13.14.1 Tentyard Basic Information
13.14.2 Tentyard Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.14.3 Tentyard Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.15 The North Face
13.15.1 The North Face Basic Information
13.15.2 The North Face Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.15.3 The North Face Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.16 Casual Cushion Corporation
13.16.1 Casual Cushion Corporation Basic Information
13.16.2 Casual Cushion Corporation Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.16.3 Casual Cushion Corporation Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.17 Jack Wolfskin
13.17.1 Jack Wolfskin Basic Information
13.17.2 Jack Wolfskin Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.17.3 Jack Wolfskin Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.18 Four Seasons
13.18.1 Four Seasons Basic Information
13.18.2 Four Seasons Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.18.3 Four Seasons Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.19 Jordan Manufacturing Company
13.19.1 Jordan Manufacturing Company Basic Information
13.19.2 Jordan Manufacturing Company Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.19.3 Jordan Manufacturing Company Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.20 Custom Craft Inc
13.20.1 Custom Craft Inc Basic Information
13.20.2 Custom Craft Inc Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.20.3 Custom Craft Inc Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.21 Lowerys
13.21.1 Lowerys Basic Information
13.21.2 Lowerys Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.21.3 Lowerys Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.22 Sierra Designs
13.22.1 Sierra Designs Basic Information
13.22.2 Sierra Designs Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.22.3 Sierra Designs Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.23 Cushion Factory
13.23.1 Cushion Factory Basic Information
13.23.2 Cushion Factory Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.23.3 Cushion Factory Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.24 Eureka
13.24.1 Eureka Basic Information
13.24.2 Eureka Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.24.3 Eureka Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)
13.25 NatureHike
13.25.1 NatureHike Basic Information
13.25.2 NatureHike Product Profiles, Application and Specification
13.25.3 NatureHike Cushion Market Performance (2015-2020)

14 Market Forecast - By Regions
14.1 North America Cushion Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.2 Europe Cushion Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.3 Asia-Pacific Cushion Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.4 Middle East and Africa Cushion Market Forecast (2020-2025)
14.5 South America Cushion Market Forecast (2020-2025)

15 Market Forecast - By Type and Applications
15.1 Global Cushion Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
15.1.1 Global Cushion Market Forecast Production and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
15.1.2 Global Cushion Market Forecast Value and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
15.2 Global Cushion Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Cushion Picture
Table Cushion Key Market Segments
Figure Study and Forecasting Years
Figure Global Cushion Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Figure Industry PESTEL Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Market Size Forecast Comparison of Pre COVID-19 and Post COVID-19
Figure Global Cushion Value ($) and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Value ($) by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Value Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Cushion Value Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Cushion Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Production by Major Countries (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Production Market Share by Major Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Global Cushion Production Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Cushion Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Consumption by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Consumption Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Cushion Consumption Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Cushion Export Top 3 Country 2019
Table Global Cushion Import Top 3 Country 2019
Table United States Cushion Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Europe Cushion Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table China Cushion Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Japan Cushion Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table India Cushion Export and Import (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Production by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Production Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
Figure Global Cushion Production Share by Type (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Value by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Value Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
Figure Global Cushion Value Share by Type (2015-2020)
Figure Global Cotton Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Cotton Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Linen Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Linen Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Wool Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Wool Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Silk Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Silk Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Jute Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Jute Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Leather Production and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Leather Price (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Consumption by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Cushion Consumption Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Figure Global Cushion Consumption Share by Application (2015-2020)
Figure Global Commercial Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Home Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table North America Cushion Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table North America Cushion Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure North America Cushion Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure United States Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure Europe Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Europe Cushion Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Europe Cushion Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Cushion Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Germany Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Asia-Pacific Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Cushion Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Asia-Pacific Cushion Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Cushion Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure China Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Southeast Asia Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure Middle East and Africa Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Cushion Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table Middle East and Africa Cushion Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Cushion Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Saudi Arabia Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure UAE Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table South America Cushion Consumption by Countries (2015-2020)
Table South America Cushion Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure South America Cushion Consumption Market Share by Countries (2015-2020)
Figure Brazil Cushion Market Consumption and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table KAILAS Company Profile
Table KAILAS Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure KAILAS Production and Growth Rate
Figure KAILAS Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Marmot Company Profile
Table Marmot Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Marmot Production and Growth Rate
Figure Marmot Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Mobigarden Company Profile
Table Mobigarden Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Mobigarden Production and Growth Rate
Figure Mobigarden Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table MSR Company Profile
Table MSR Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure MSR Production and Growth Rate
Figure MSR Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table TOREAD Company Profile
Table TOREAD Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure TOREAD Production and Growth Rate
Figure TOREAD Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Arden Selections Company Profile
Table Arden Selections Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Arden Selections Production and Growth Rate
Figure Arden Selections Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Mountain Hardwear Company Profile
Table Mountain Hardwear Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Mountain Hardwear Production and Growth Rate
Figure Mountain Hardwear Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Kelty Company Profile
Table Kelty Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Kelty Production and Growth Rate
Figure Kelty Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table LAFUMA Company Profile
Table LAFUMA Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure LAFUMA Production and Growth Rate
Figure LAFUMA Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Loom Crafts Company Profile
Table Loom Crafts Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Loom Crafts Production and Growth Rate
Figure Loom Crafts Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Outdoor Workz Company Profile
Table Outdoor Workz Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Outdoor Workz Production and Growth Rate
Figure Outdoor Workz Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Nu Look Revinyling Company Profile
Table Nu Look Revinyling Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Nu Look Revinyling Production and Growth Rate
Figure Nu Look Revinyling Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Hilleberg Company Profile
Table Hilleberg Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Hilleberg Production and Growth Rate
Figure Hilleberg Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Tentyard Company Profile
Table Tentyard Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Tentyard Production and Growth Rate
Figure Tentyard Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table The North Face Company Profile
Table The North Face Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure The North Face Production and Growth Rate
Figure The North Face Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Casual Cushion Corporation Company Profile
Table Casual Cushion Corporation Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Casual Cushion Corporation Production and Growth Rate
Figure Casual Cushion Corporation Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Jack Wolfskin Company Profile
Table Jack Wolfskin Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Jack Wolfskin Production and Growth Rate
Figure Jack Wolfskin Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Four Seasons Company Profile
Table Four Seasons Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Four Seasons Production and Growth Rate
Figure Four Seasons Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Jordan Manufacturing Company Company Profile
Table Jordan Manufacturing Company Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Jordan Manufacturing Company Production and Growth Rate
Figure Jordan Manufacturing Company Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Custom Craft Inc Company Profile
Table Custom Craft Inc Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Custom Craft Inc Production and Growth Rate
Figure Custom Craft Inc Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Lowerys Company Profile
Table Lowerys Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Lowerys Production and Growth Rate
Figure Lowerys Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Sierra Designs Company Profile
Table Sierra Designs Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Sierra Designs Production and Growth Rate
Figure Sierra Designs Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Cushion Factory Company Profile
Table Cushion Factory Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Cushion Factory Production and Growth Rate
Figure Cushion Factory Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Eureka Company Profile
Table Eureka Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure Eureka Production and Growth Rate
Figure Eureka Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table NatureHike Company Profile
Table NatureHike Production, Value, Price, Gross Margin 2015-2020
Figure NatureHike Production and Growth Rate
Figure NatureHike Value ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Figure North America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Figure South America Market Consumption and Growth Rate Forecast (2020-2025)
Table Global Cushion Market Forecast Production by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Cushion Market Forecast Production Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Cushion Market Forecast Value ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Cushion Market Forecast Value Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Cushion Market Forecast Consumption by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Cushion Market Forecast Consumption Share by Applications (2020-2025)