Based on the Electrical Connectors market development status, competitive landscape and development model in different regions of the world, this report is dedicated to providing niche markets, potential risks and comprehensive competitive strategy analysis in different fields. From the competitive advantages of different types of products and services, the development opportunities and consumption characteristics and structure analysis of the downstream application fields are all analyzed in detail. To Boost Growth during the epidemic era, this report analyzes in detail for the potential risks and opportunities which can be focused on.

In Chapter 2.4 of the report, we share our perspectives for the impact of COVID-19 from the long and short term.
In chapter 3.4, we provide the influence of the crisis on the industry chain, especially for marketing channels.
In chapters 8-13, we update the timely industry economic revitalization plan of the country-wise government.

Key players in the global Electrical Connectors market covered in Chapter 5:
Hirose
Delphi
Samtec
WECO Electrical Connectors
Mencom Corporation
Molex
Harting
ULO Group
Amphenol FCI
CMC
Corsair Electrical Connectors
TE Connectivity

In Chapter 6, on the basis of types, the Electrical Connectors market from 2015 to 2025 is primarily split into:
Aluminum Electrical Connectors
Copper Electrical Connectors
Others

In Chapter 7, on the basis of applications, the Electrical Connectors market from 2015 to 2025 covers:
Electrical Device
Airplanes
National Defense

Geographically, the detailed analysis of consumption, revenue, market share and growth rate, historic and forecast (2015-2025) of the following regions are covered in Chapter 8-13:
North America (Covered in Chapter 9)
United States
Canada
Mexico
Europe (Covered in Chapter 10)
Germany
UK
France
Italy
Spain
Russia
Others
Asia-Pacific (Covered in Chapter 11)
China
Japan
South Korea
Australia
India
South America (Covered in Chapter 12)
Brazil
Argentina
Columbia
Middle East and Africa (Covered in Chapter 13)
UAE
Egypt
South Africa

Years considered for this report:
Historical Years: 2015-2019
Base Year: 2019
Estimated Year: 2020
Forecast Period: 2020-2025

Table of Content

1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition and Market Characteristics
1.2 Global Electrical Connectors Market Size
1.3 Market Segmentation
1.4 Global Macroeconomic Analysis
1.5 SWOT Analysis

2. Market Dynamics
2.1 Market Drivers
2.2 Market Constraints and Challenges
2.3 Emerging Market Trends
2.4 Impact of COVID-19
2.4.1 Short-term Impact
2.4.2 Long-term Impact

3 Associated Industry Assessment
3.1 Supply Chain Analysis
3.2 Industry Active Participants
3.2.1 Suppliers of Raw Materials
3.2.2 Key Distributors/Retailers
3.3 Alternative Analysis
3.4 The Impact of Covid-19 From the Perspective of Industry Chain

4 Market Competitive Landscape
4.1 Industry Leading Players
4.2 Industry News
4.2.1 Key Product Launch News
4.2.2 M&A and Expansion Plans

5 Analysis of Leading Companies
5.1 Hirose
5.1.1 Hirose Company Profile
5.1.2 Hirose Business Overview
5.1.3 Hirose Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.1.4 Hirose Electrical Connectors Products Introduction
5.2 Delphi
5.2.1 Delphi Company Profile
5.2.2 Delphi Business Overview
5.2.3 Delphi Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.2.4 Delphi Electrical Connectors Products Introduction
5.3 Samtec
5.3.1 Samtec Company Profile
5.3.2 Samtec Business Overview
5.3.3 Samtec Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.3.4 Samtec Electrical Connectors Products Introduction
5.4 WECO Electrical Connectors
5.4.1 WECO Electrical Connectors Company Profile
5.4.2 WECO Electrical Connectors Business Overview
5.4.3 WECO Electrical Connectors Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.4.4 WECO Electrical Connectors Electrical Connectors Products Introduction
5.5 Mencom Corporation
5.5.1 Mencom Corporation Company Profile
5.5.2 Mencom Corporation Business Overview
5.5.3 Mencom Corporation Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.5.4 Mencom Corporation Electrical Connectors Products Introduction
5.6 Molex
5.6.1 Molex Company Profile
5.6.2 Molex Business Overview
5.6.3 Molex Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.6.4 Molex Electrical Connectors Products Introduction
5.7 Harting
5.7.1 Harting Company Profile
5.7.2 Harting Business Overview
5.7.3 Harting Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.7.4 Harting Electrical Connectors Products Introduction
5.8 ULO Group
5.8.1 ULO Group Company Profile
5.8.2 ULO Group Business Overview
5.8.3 ULO Group Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.8.4 ULO Group Electrical Connectors Products Introduction
5.9 Amphenol FCI
5.9.1 Amphenol FCI Company Profile
5.9.2 Amphenol FCI Business Overview
5.9.3 Amphenol FCI Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.9.4 Amphenol FCI Electrical Connectors Products Introduction
5.10 CMC
5.10.1 CMC Company Profile
5.10.2 CMC Business Overview
5.10.3 CMC Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.10.4 CMC Electrical Connectors Products Introduction
5.11 Corsair Electrical Connectors
5.11.1 Corsair Electrical Connectors Company Profile
5.11.2 Corsair Electrical Connectors Business Overview
5.11.3 Corsair Electrical Connectors Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.11.4 Corsair Electrical Connectors Electrical Connectors Products Introduction
5.12 TE Connectivity
5.12.1 TE Connectivity Company Profile
5.12.2 TE Connectivity Business Overview
5.12.3 TE Connectivity Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue, Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
5.12.4 TE Connectivity Electrical Connectors Products Introduction

6 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Product Types
6.1 Global Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.1 Global Electrical Connectors Sales and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.2 Global Electrical Connectors Revenue and Market Share by Types (2015-2020)
6.1.3 Global Electrical Connectors Price by Types (2015-2020)
6.2 Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.1 Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.2.2 Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Types (2020-2025)
6.3 Global Electrical Connectors Sales, Price and Growth Rate by Types (2015-2020)
6.3.1 Global Electrical Connectors Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Aluminum Electrical Connectors
6.3.2 Global Electrical Connectors Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Copper Electrical Connectors
6.3.3 Global Electrical Connectors Sales, Price and Growth Rate of Others
6.4 Global Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Types (2020-2025)
6.4.1 Aluminum Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
6.4.2 Copper Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
6.4.3 Others Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

7 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Applications
7.1 Global Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.1 Global Electrical Connectors Sales and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.1.2 Global Electrical Connectors Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2015-2020)
7.2 Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.1 Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.2.2 Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue and Market Share by Applications (2020-2025)
7.3 Global Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate by Applications (2015-2020)
7.3.1 Global Electrical Connectors Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Electrical Device (2015-2020)
7.3.2 Global Electrical Connectors Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of Airplanes (2015-2020)
7.3.3 Global Electrical Connectors Revenue, Sales and Growth Rate of National Defense (2015-2020)
7.4 Global Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Sales Forecast, by Applications (2020-2025)
7.4.1 Electrical Device Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.2 Airplanes Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)
7.4.3 National Defense Market Revenue and Sales Forecast (2020-2025)

8 Market Analysis and Forecast, By Regions
8.1 Global Electrical Connectors Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
8.2 Global Electrical Connectors Market Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
8.3 Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2025)

9 North America Electrical Connectors Market Analysis
9.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
9.2 North America Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.3 North America Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
9.4 North America Electrical Connectors Market Forecast
9.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on North America Market
9.6 North America Electrical Connectors Market Analysis by Country
9.6.1 U.S. Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.2 Canada Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
9.6.3 Mexico Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate

10 Europe Electrical Connectors Market Analysis
10.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
10.2 Europe Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.3 Europe Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
10.4 Europe Electrical Connectors Market Forecast
10.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Europe Market
10.6 Europe Electrical Connectors Market Analysis by Country
10.6.1 Germany Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.2 United Kingdom Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.3 France Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.4 Italy Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.5 Spain Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
10.6.6 Russia Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate

11 Asia-Pacific Electrical Connectors Market Analysis
11.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
11.2 Asia-Pacific Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.3 Asia-Pacific Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
11.4 Asia-Pacific Electrical Connectors Market Forecast
11.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Asia Pacific Market
11.6 Asia-Pacific Electrical Connectors Market Analysis by Country
11.6.1 China Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.2 Japan Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.3 South Korea Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.4 Australia Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
11.6.5 India Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate

12 South America Electrical Connectors Market Analysis
12.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
12.2 South America Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.3 South America Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
12.4 South America Electrical Connectors Market Forecast
12.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on South America Market
12.6 South America Electrical Connectors Market Analysis by Country
12.6.1 Brazil Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.2 Argentina Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
12.6.3 Columbia Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate

13 Middle East and Africa Electrical Connectors Market Analysis
13.1 Market Overview and Prospect Analysis
13.2 Middle East and Africa Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.3 Middle East and Africa Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
13.4 Middle East and Africa Electrical Connectors Market Forecast
13.5 The Influence of COVID-19 on Middle East and Africa Market
13.6 Middle East and Africa Electrical Connectors Market Analysis by Country
13.6.1 UAE Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.2 Egypt Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate
13.6.3 South Africa Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate

14 Conclusions and Recommendations
14.1 Key Market Findings and Prospects
14.2 Advice for Investors

15 Appendix
15.1 Methodology
15.2 Research Data Source

List of Tables and Figures

Figure Product Picture
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Market Size and Growth Rate 2015-2025
Table Electrical Connectors Key Market Segments
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Market Revenue ($) Segment by Type from 2015-2020
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Market Revenue ($) Segment by Applications from 2015-2020
Table SWOT Analysis
Figure Global COVID-19 Status
Figure Supply Chain
Table Major Players Headquarters, and Service Area of Electrical Connectors
Table Major Players Revenue in 2019
Figure Major Players Revenue Share in 2019
Table Hirose Company Profile
Table Hirose Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Hirose Production and Growth Rate
Figure Hirose Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Delphi Company Profile
Table Delphi Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Delphi Production and Growth Rate
Figure Delphi Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Samtec Company Profile
Table Samtec Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Samtec Production and Growth Rate
Figure Samtec Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table WECO Electrical Connectors Company Profile
Table WECO Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure WECO Electrical Connectors Production and Growth Rate
Figure WECO Electrical Connectors Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Mencom Corporation Company Profile
Table Mencom Corporation Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Mencom Corporation Production and Growth Rate
Figure Mencom Corporation Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Molex Company Profile
Table Molex Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Molex Production and Growth Rate
Figure Molex Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Harting Company Profile
Table Harting Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Harting Production and Growth Rate
Figure Harting Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table ULO Group Company Profile
Table ULO Group Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure ULO Group Production and Growth Rate
Figure ULO Group Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Amphenol FCI Company Profile
Table Amphenol FCI Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Amphenol FCI Production and Growth Rate
Figure Amphenol FCI Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table CMC Company Profile
Table CMC Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure CMC Production and Growth Rate
Figure CMC Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Corsair Electrical Connectors Company Profile
Table Corsair Electrical Connectors Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure Corsair Electrical Connectors Production and Growth Rate
Figure Corsair Electrical Connectors Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table TE Connectivity Company Profile
Table TE Connectivity Sales, Revenue (US$ Million), Average Selling Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)
Figure TE Connectivity Production and Growth Rate
Figure TE Connectivity Market Revenue ($) Market Share 2015-2020
Table Global Electrical Connectors Sales by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Sales Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Revenue ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Revenue Share by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Price ($) by Types (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales Share by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Types (2020-2025)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue Share by Types (2020-2025)
Figure Global Aluminum Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Aluminum Electrical Connectors Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Copper Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Copper Electrical Connectors Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Others Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Aluminum Electrical Connectors (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Aluminum Electrical Connectors (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Copper Electrical Connectors (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Copper Electrical Connectors (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2020-2025)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Sales by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Sales Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Revenue ($) by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Revenue Share by Applications (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Applications (2020-2025)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue Share by Applications (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Device Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Electrical Device Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Airplanes Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global Airplanes Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global National Defense Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Global National Defense Price (2015-2020)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Electrical Device (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Electrical Device (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Airplanes (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Airplanes (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of National Defense (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of National Defense (2020-2025)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Sales by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Sales Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Sales Market Share by Regions in 2019
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Revenue by Regions (2015-2020)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)
Figure Global Electrical Connectors Revenue Market Share by Regions in 2019
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue ($) by Regions (2020-2025)
Table Global Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue Share by Regions (2020-2025)
Figure North America Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure North America Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure North America Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure North America COVID-19 Status
Figure U.S. Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Canada Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Mexico Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Europe Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Europe Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Europe COVID-19 Status
Figure Germany Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure United Kingdom Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure France Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Italy Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Spain Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Russia Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Asia-Pacific Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Asia-Pacific Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Asia Pacific COVID-19 Status
Figure China Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Japan Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Korea Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Australia Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure India Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South America Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure South America Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure Brazil Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Argentina Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Columbia Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Electrical Connectors Market Revenue and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Middle East and Africa Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Sales (2020-2025)
Figure Middle East and Africa Electrical Connectors Market Forecast Revenue ($) (2020-2025)
Figure UAE Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure Egypt Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)
Figure South Africa Electrical Connectors Market Sales and Growth Rate (2015-2020)